Critical Practice in Community Learning and Development- Writing Assignment - 1

Basic Practice in Community Learning and Development-Writing Communities - Assignment Example The substance of this paper has three fundamental covering points. The primary point is to give a detail and explicit portrayal on why education rehearses are significant for empowering network learning and advancement. Also, this paper gives a hypothetical comprehension by connecting proficiency rehearses with how networks understand living through every day rehearses. The substance of this paper causes to notice vernacular education rehearses, which are regularly debased, ignored, and at times alluded to concealed proficiency rehearses. The fundamental reason for composing this article is to show how proficiency practices can help improve the learning of a gathering of sixteen youngsters of blended sexual orientation who don't go to standard school because of their conduct and different issues. As of now, concentrates in learning and instructing dialects have rewarded composing, perusing, and sentence structure authority as various individual abilities. This is obvious since these days language assessment is in unknown dialects and vernacular in an unexpected way (Barton and Hamilton 1998, p. 17). In this paper, an increasingly all encompassing and social perspective on contemplating language is endorsed since individuals presently strives proficiency as the capacity to comprehend printed world in various settings and structures both in unknown dialects and mother tongue(s). Most investigation materials at that point decipher proficiency as a fundamental social work on, something the individuals in a network do with various writings to take part in social communities’ importance making. Proficiency rehearses include the development of qualities, information, disposition, emotions, and convictions related with composing and perusing of specific writings inside a speci fic setting (Barton and Hamilton 1998, p. 23). Proficiency practice can be useful to the gathering of sixteen youngsters who don't go to class to build up their method of perusing and composing since the world is thoroughly evolving. Proficiency rehearses acknowledgment can happen specifically live occasions. For example, in a solid capacity where writings are

Egyptian Pyramids Essays - Giza Plateau, New Age, Free Essays

Egyptian Pyramids Essays - Giza Plateau, New Age, Free Essays Egyptian Pyramids The Egyptian pyramids have been the subjects of numerous freakish cases and development hypotheses for a considerable length of time. The Great Pyramid for instance has been related with pyramid power, curses, Atlantis, the Bermuda Triangle, Biblical prescience, Martian appearances, propelled civic establishments, space outsiders, cavity resonators, and even levitation. It isn't astounding that some that have proposed such hypotheses have been named pyramidiots. This paper will endeavor to give a progressively consistent answer for the strategies old Egyptians may have had utilized, and the issues they may have had, utilizing real data, logical proof and a touch of presence of mind. It is the ideal opportunity for a balanced clarification of how the pyramids were constructedan clarification that depends on nothing unprecedented, mechanically progressed, paranormal, heavenly, otherworldly, mystic, or extraterrestrial forces. The Egyptian pyramid's stylish magnificence, its geometrical shape, its perplexing arrangement of interior highlights, and the exactness of its development coax us to scan for a plan plot. It appears to be far-fetched that the manufacturers would have embraced such a grand development venture without a far reaching plan. Sadly, no records, plans, outlines, or direct records of the pyramid's development have endure. There is no engravings or writings, and the names of the planners stay obscure. Its absolutely impossible of knowing precisely how the antiquated Egyptians manufactured the pyramids, in a period of just crude apparatuses, and, best case scenario just straightforward hardware. There are numerous hypotheses of how the Egyptians picked up their insight into math and science to construct these astonishing structures. The squares used to construct the pyramids are made out of rock or potentially limestone; each single square has an expected load of roughly more than two tons. Each square would to have been quarried or cut, and afterward pulled to the work site, and in the end set in the right position. The Egyptians had an astounding comprehension of math, which helped them plan the erection of the pyramid, yet the main thrust behind them was labor. The real individuals who constructed the pyramids were all willful specialists; they were not slaves in opposition to prevalent thinking. New archeological proof shows that the individuals who hauled and laid these over two ton stone sections were sentenced to an early grave, and they passed on with distorted bones and broken appendages. An Egyptian removal as of late revealed the cemetery of several specialists who assisted with building the incredible pyramid for King Cheops 4500 years back. Initially more than one hundred and forty six meters high, it is the tallest of the three renowned pyramids at Giza close to the Nile delta. The laborers graveyard is one kilometer west of the pyramid, near their living quarters. Zahi Hawass, the Egyptian paleologist driving the removal says that the vast majority of the laborers skeletons have irregular outgrowths known as osteophytes, which are brought about by incessant overwhelming work. The joints of various bones show mileage and numerous bodies have harmed spines. Six skeletons have cut off appendages or fragmented feet. Laborers kicked the bucket on normal between the ages of thirty and thirty-five, contrasted with somewhere in the range of fifty and sixty for individuals from honorability. They truly worked themselves to death, says Hawass. This proof shows they did in actuality utilize human force in the development of pyramids however it doesn't clarify how a gathering of men had the option to lift an over two ton bit of rock. It additionally doesn't clarify how these stones were conveyed from the quarry, or how it was lifted up the pyramid, as it got taller. If one somehow managed to manufacture a pyramid today expecting the chunks were at that point slice and prepared to assemble the quickest and most effortless approach to move them would be a crane. So as to get an accurate situation of the chunk it would take the crane about one day to situate itself and drop the square set up. The pyramid Khufu has around 2,000,000 300,000 stone hinders; its measurements are 400 eighty one feet in tallness, 700 fifty six feet long and its base covering a little more than thirteen sections of land. The pyramid is a geometrical miracle it is completely level and totally square, the scientific aptitudes of the individuals are not in the least challenged, yet

U.S. and Russian Relations After the Defeat of the USSR Essay -- essay

US and Russia relations after the annihilation of the USSR: The finish of Cold War carried new difficulties to Russian life, economy and governmental issues. All things considered, the post-Cold War period opened the new open doors for Russia. Majority rules system made its initial phases in the nation. Following seventy years of socialism Russian individuals at long last got an opportunity to live how the need, to state what they need and to do what they need. Individuals got an opportunity to pick their own pioneer, to decide in favor of the Congress individuals. What's more, it was exceptionally befuddling for the nation. Russia required someone to come out and help in this basic circumstance. Presumably, the primary nation to do that was the United States. Russians "needed and needed powerful prompt and specialized assistance from the United States" (Pickering 102). Furthermore, the most stunning thing was that the United States didn't mind and, really, needed to support Russia. In any case, why? Why the United States needed to support Russians? Furthermore, I think the response to that is extremely straightforward: the United States understood that America and Russia must not think about one another as normal foes, however should cooperate to make progressively quiet world, regardless of whether they were prepared to decimate each other quite recently. US required Russia as a solid accomplice in the twenty first century. Russia experienced numerous adjustments in its economy since the Russian Organization assumed control over the Soviet Union. "An economy gave on the whole to the creation of military products had to start to give what its residents requested, not what its rulers ordered" (Pickering 100). However, it wasn't that simple. Russian government seemed, by all accounts, to be unexperienced in modernizing the economy. The vast majority of the individuals in government originated from the school of the Soviet Association, so they couldn't do anything without someone's assistance. "... the US gave Russia huge increases of understanding, conveyed through government and private division counselors just as by bringing Russians in enormous numbers to the US for preparing and exchanges" (Pickering 102). Be that as it may, the help of the US wasn't only a blessing; America had something they escaped the help they were giving in building the Russian economy. All large American organizations went to the Russian market. "American firms are persuaded of Russia's unprecedented potential as the market for US exchange and as a host for investments" (Pickering 102). ... ...ometimes media expounds on the United States as the nation that needs to demolish Russia. "Americans who work trade projects and direct research in Russia are worried about a report ascribed to an administration office there that described such US-supported exercises as espionage" (Desruisseaux A44). I try not to feel this is the thing that Russians think. That is the assessment of the individuals who had a decent life during Communism. "Many Russians understand that the endeavors spoken to by this alleged report are endeavors to debilitate and disable Russia, furthermore, cut it off from the remainder of the world" (Desruisseaux, A44). What's more, this is precisely what Russians think. Furthermore, I don't accept every one of those gossipy tidbits about the following Cold War in the following century. Russia and United States need to cooperate to make the following century progressively quiet then this one. Works Cited Desruisseaux, Paul "Report in Russia blames US-sponsored programs of espionage." Chronicle of Higher Education 24 Januay 1995: A44 Pickering, Thomas A. "US - Russia relations." Vital Speeches of the Day 1 December 1994: 100-103 Zorpette, Glenn "Down the drain." Scientific American December 1996: 20, 24

Research And Discuss What Is Better Mortgage Or Rent - 275 Words

Research And Discuss What Is Better: Mortgage Or Rent? (Essay Sample) Content: What is better: Mortgage or Rent?Name of AuthorInstitutional AffiliationWhat is better: Mortgage or Rent?Many individuals who do not own homes continuously face the dilemma of deciding whether to rent houses or take out mortgages to purchase residential properties. Each of these options has numerous benefits and drawbacks. Renting a house leaves one with the freedom to move out whenever they like. Because rentals may be cheap, tenants incur less short-term expenditure. However, it subjects the tenant to the mercy of their landlords and landladies who may change the terms of engagement at any point. Conversely, the capital of a mortgage may be expensive, but gives the comfort of security and ultimate property ownership. Despite being considered expensive, mortgages offer better options compared to rent because they offer affordable ways of owning homes and cost effective ways borrowing.The most common reason people choose rent over mortgage is financial. Many who canno t afford down payments for homes consider renting a better option. The inability to raise such capital may be caused by poor credit rating or excessive debts. Hence, individuals may stay in rentals as they continue building their credit. According to Manturuk, Lindblad, and Quercia (2017), the extra expenses required for maintenance and renovation of homes may be another reason to rent. Additionally, those who rent have no binding attachment and can move out to cheaper or preferred locations at will. Notwithstanding, an analysis by Buzi (2017) indicated that various disadvantages still make this option undesirable. If the home owner decides to sell the house, one is subjected to a new lord who may even issue an inconveniencing eviction notice. While the privacy of tenants may always be compromised by neighbors or owners, their rules of engagement can be changed at any time. A typical example is the sudden increment of rent.On the other hand, mortgages may appear expensive but still offer a better and more comfortable option. When processing a mortgage, one requires a large sum of money or creditworthiness for the initial capital. While mortgages come with exorbitant interests, buyers still have to meet additional fees for set-ups, insurance, and legal proceedings. In the long run, buyers in this category still end up paying more than they borrowed by far (Anderson, 2017). This is the reason some schools of thought dismiss mortgaging and prefer renting instead.An evaluation by Manturuk, Lindblad, and Quercia (2017) comparing the overall cost of mortgaging with that or renting revealed that renters pay much more than mortgagors do in the long run. Over a period of five to ten years, most tenants in rental houses pay the approximate cumulative price they would have paid for the property if they used a mortgage. This leaves mortgaging a better option as many other benefits ensue. As one pays the mortgage, they move closer to owning the house. No landlord can haras s them. At the same time, they acquire express freedom to modify the pr...

An Explication of Sylvia Plath8217s 8220Daddy8221 Essay

An Explication of Sylvia Plath8217s 8220Daddy8221 It tends to be the trend for women who have had traumatic childhoods to be attracted to men who epitomize their emptiness felt as children. Women who have had unaffectionate or absent fathers, adulterous husbands or boyfriends, or relatives who molested them seem to become involved in relationships with men who, instead of being the opposite of the â€Å"monsters† in their lives, are the exact replicas of these ugly men. Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Daddy† is a perfect example of this unfortunate trend. In this poem, she speaks directly to her dead father and her husband who has been cheating on her, as the poem so indicates. The first two stanzas, lines 1-10, tell the readers that†¦show more content†¦In stanza 12, she tells us that he has â€Å"bit her pretty red heart in two.† Next, she states that he died when she was ten, and when she was twenty years old, she attempted suicide - â€Å"†¦I tried to die, to get back back back to you.† In stanza 13 is where she starts talking about her husband. She says that instead of dying, her friends â€Å"stuck her together with glue,† and since she could not die to get back to her father, she would marry someone who was similar. â€Å"I made a model of you, a man in black with a Meinkampf look for a love of the rack and the screw. And I said I do, I do.† These lines are frightening, but unfortunately real. Plath tells us that she has married someone exactly like her father, a man who has a â€Å"my struggle† look, a German look. The third line above seems to mean that her husband, who was poet Ted Hughes, cheated on her, in turn abandoning her. But she still said â€Å"I do† and agreed to be with him. The last two stanzas are the darkest, and ultimately appear to put some type of closure on Plath’s life. She obviously believes that she killed her father when she was ten years old, stating that â€Å"if I’ve killed one man, I’ve killed

Group Norms And Its Effects On Youth Athletes - 1107 Words

Group norms are shared beliefs and attitudes among a certain set of people. These beliefs include both personal and situational factors. Those who agree with and participate in these norms are welcomed into the group. According to Carron and Eys (2012) group norms are reinforced behaviors, beliefs, and moral standards that are expected among members in their group. These shared beliefs within the group lead to group norms. Group norms can be studied in a variety of settings from schools to athletic teams. Bruner et al. (in press), studied the perceptions of group norms in youth athletes during practice, competition, and social settings. This report also studied the personal and situational factors’ effects on a youth athlete’s perception of group norms and conformity to a group. The four main aspects that were tested in this study by Burner et al. were gender, tenure, group size, and sport type. The expected results were that females place a greater importance on fitti ng into a group and that tenure, or the amount of time an athlete has worked with a team, would result in veterans knowing their roles and having a higher perception of group norms than the rookies who do not know what is expected of them. The experimenters also believed that the situational factor, a larger group size, would lead to lower perceptions of norms as it is difficult for each teammate to interact with one another and work as a cohesive unit. Previous research by Carron and Eys (2012) suggestedShow MoreRelatedAthletics And College Athletic Association1575 Words   |  7 Pages Athletics and academics go hand-in-hand when it comes to college athletes, after all, the NCAA (National College Athletic Association) states that the players are students first, and athletes second. 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Managing Ideas Modern Management Practises

Question: Discuss about the Managing Ideas for Modern Management Practises. Answer: Introduction The business environment has become complex and competitive; this has made organizations to find ways that can keep that sustained in the business and market. This has led to the need for organizations to develop ways that they can manage ideas within. Innovation and ideas can come from within the organization or outside. Organizations are therefore investing a lot of resources in managing new ideas to be able to manage the changing environment and market. Organizations that are able to develop and manage new ideas by revaluating their products and services are seen as the best achievers in the industry since the innovation does not only benefit the organization but other organizations in the line of business (Souchkov, Hoeboer van Zutphen 2007, p. 21). Entrepreneurs argue that they are always looking for problems to solve within the market. Management of ideas is the use of a set of tools that allow managers to develop and respond to opportunities that exist within the business environment. Creativity is used to mould ideas that are focussed on fulfilling the gaps that exist within the business environment. This process involves every employee within the organization to create a final product that will fill the gap and give customers what the organization has failed to give. This process is well defined by tying together the corporate strategy and product development processes. The purpose of this report is to give an overview of managing innovations and ideas by highlighting the best practices by SingTel. This report will highlight aspects of ideation and innovation, strategies and best practise the company can adopt to manage ideas. Types of ideas and Innovation Ideas and innovation can be differentiated based on products and processes, thus product ideas/innovation or processes innovation/ ideas. This leads to two other major categories of developing ideas, sustaining and disruptive (Deloitte 2004). Sustaining ideas are based on improving the existing business processes to make them better; this may include improving the software within the organization or developing processes for efficiency like developing the 4G framework to increase business connectivity. On the other hand disruptive ideas are based on radical ideas which aim at changing the business processes within the organization. This may include materials that can be used to improved technology in the organization. This may include doing away with the old materials and developing new ones. These ideas are different from the existing ones and thus their introduction into the system will disrupt the existing ones. However, most ideas within an organization revolve around developing a product that can satisfy and compete in the market. Product ideas are grouped into four namely: incremental ideas, technological substitution, market innovation ideas and radical ideas/innovation (Vahs; Burmester 2005). Market/Application development Figure 1: Different types of product ideas, adopted from Kroy 1995 Incremental ideas are based on using technology or developing ways that improve the existing products and services. In many cases these are already established in the market and thus the new idea is based on packaging the product to make it better. For example SingTel may increase its products by changing the tariffs that it is offering its customers. This can be based on the existing market prices that other competitors are offering to so as to gain strategic advantage. Technological substitutions are based on adopting new technologies that can create new products that meet the needs of the existing customer. This is through analysing the needs that the market has and using technology to meet those needs. For example SingTel can develop new mobile phones or TV set top box provision technology that can provide better and fast TV signals or adopting the 4G network that can boost data usage and speed. Technological ideas can be based on improving the existing processes or developing new processes. Market innovation combines the existing technology and packaging products in a way to customers. This is aimed at combining two products that a company is offering to make a single product that can offer both services. For example the arrival of the smart phones is a combination of both the mobile phone and the internet where an individual can access internet and at the same time telecommunication services. Thus the arrival of the smart phone with other features beyond a mobile phone is a new idea since it never existed. Radical ideas or innovation is advancement in the technology where the product is advanced to offer more services. This ideas offer the highest risks and returns to a business since they offer an opportunity that never existed in the market before (Hull, Coombs and Peltu 2000, p. 639). For example the arrival of the smart phone came with android applications that can perform many functions. Today the android has led to the development of different applications that are utilised in the market. SingTel has also developed several applications that are being used in the market for different tasks. Tools used in developing ideas The need to develop an idea within an organization is based on several tools that an organization may choose from. This is based on the kind of business environment and the ideas that are being developed. This includes brainstorming, virtual prototyping, product lifecycle management, idea management, TRIZ, project management, and portfolio management (Moehrle 2004, P. 91). For the purpose of SingTel, TRIZ is the preferred tool that can be used for developing new ideas within the organization. Phaal, Farrukh, Prober (2007, P. 7) argue that TRIZ presents a systematic approach foe defining challenges within the organization through a range of tools and strategies for finding the best inventive solutions. The tool is based n the fact that a business problem is presented as an inventive solution that is developed from the need to overcome the problem. The problem within the market may be competition, decreasing sales or old business models within the organization. The tool is used to systematically apply the strategies and tools to develop a solution that enables the organization overcome its current problem. Proponents of TRIZ argue that inventive solutions are based on contradictions between elements in an organization. For example the need to develop a 4G network will entail using a higher sophisticated technology that will enables the consumer to use 4G. The contradictions may not be limited to one contradiction but rather several contradictions. Therefore management develops creative solutions that resolve contradictions within the organization without increasing costs. Thus TRIZ is management problem solving tool that can be adopted by organizations to solve complex problems and developing cost saving strategies for organizations. Sources of ideas for organizations Julian Michael (2008, p. 832) suggest that creativity is the highest asset that an organization can use to generate new ideas; however researchers have shown that majority of the great ideas that have been developed in organizations show that they come out of informal discussions or individuals only. This means that the organization should not limit ideas to employees only but rather. However organizations that are great leaders in ideas give every employee an opportunity to show case what they have for the organizations and how the organization can be improved. However old ideas that have been developed and research have been the best sources of ideas that have propelled organizations to greater levels. This is because old ideas represent opportunities that may not have been well exploited. The introduction of patent rights has led to the protection of ideas that people have and this ideas can be sold to any organization that is willing to adopt the idea (Hipp Grupp 2005, p. 528). The internet is also a source of ideas for organization; this is through making viewing of patents available online. With this an organization can go through the available ideas that can best suit their business need. People develop new ideas and post them over the internet for organizations to view and develop them further. When organizations develop these ideas they do not take them as individual ideas but rather organizational ideas through only protecting the rights of the owner (Mamman 2002, p. 381). According to Davenport Prusak (2003, p. 21) academic institutions have also been the best sources of ideas that have been developed by organizations. Many organizations have close links with academic institutions where they allow students to show case their talents by developing great ideas that can be utilised by companies. Through internships and business expos, the students have an opportunity t develop ideas that can solve problems within the organization. Students are doing a lot of research while pursuing their education, through their research and participating in different projects within the organization. On the other hand Hope Hailey (2001, 1129),suggests that harvesting of employee ideas can also be a source of innovation within the organization using relevant tool that can help generate or realise creativity. Through using the four phases of creativity: preparation, incubation, illumination and verification, ideas can be analysed to determine how they can solve problems. Informational analysis of the concept through critical evaluation helps in balancing analysis and imagination. Despite that it should be noted that the nature of the innovation depends on the complexity of the idea that is being developed. Adoption of the idea entails transferring knowledge across the organizations functions and boundaries. The nature of the innovation and the absorptive nature of the organization are key issues in determining how the organization can be utilised within the business environment. This can be through utilising suggestion boxes or having places where individuals can drop ideas that can help improve the organization. For example web based management system are utilised by SingTel through allowing employees to provide ideas that they have. Through such systems the organization provides relevant information on ideas that the organization needs to be improved (Hargado. 2003, p. 21; Adams Phelps, Bessant 2006, p. 32). Employees or any other person submits expert opinions on how they think the problem can be solved. The ideas are analysed by use of a clear scoring me thod using an assigned criteria by analysing how to integrate the idea into the system and logically develop the idea to the next phase. Steps in innovation Step one: strategic thinking The source of any idea within the organization is the linkage between the strategy and the idea that is to be developed. Strategic thinking is aimed at creating opportunities that increase strategic advantage of the organization. Through this the strategic thinking helps the organization to determine the value that needs to be added. Dodgson and Hinze (2000, p. 109) suggests that organizations analyse the business areas that they need to improve and focus their resources to these areas. For example speed could be one of the ideas that a telecommunication company may want to improve. This means that connectivity speed will create strategic advantage that will allow internet users browse at greater speed than others. Step two: portfolio management and metrics This entails defining the idea that needs to be developed and how the idea can be integrated into the organization. Depending on the nature of the idea, system adjustments may be required to enable the idea function well. If the idea is disruptive then the organization has to make changes that will destabilise the whole system. Portfolio management thus focuses on balancing the risks that the new idea poses to the organization and the rewards that are attached to it. For example financial resources may be required to integrate the idea into the system. Portfolio management is adopted by the organization to balance the market structure and the pursuit for the new idea (Frenkel, Maital and Grupp, 2000, p. 431). Step three: Research Cormican and OSullivan (2004, p. 821), argues that adopting the right mixture between the four types of ideas enable the organization to meet the right strategic objective. Therefore a lot of research has to be done on the processes and key output results that are expected from the new idea. This will enable describing of the ideal future products and services that the organization intends to deliver. This is through a comparison of customer knowledge and needs with the current ideas that the organization has. This will help in determining the gaps that need to be filled by the idea. Research will help in refining the idea and developing a blue print that will propel the organization to the next level. Several knowledge domains are utilised in this step including explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Conclusion Project management deals with transforming inputs into outputs that can be utilised by the consumer. Innovation is a complex process that involves several activities that can be adopted by the organization. Therefore organizations need to develop processes that will ensure they are able to develop sustainable processes that can ensure they propel the organization to the next level. Researchers have shown that the market keeps changing (Kim, and Wilemon 2002, p. 31; Stock, Greis and Fischer 2001, p. 82). SingTel has therefore to develop a strategy that will ensure it is able to manage competition within the market. Managing new ideas and giving room for the organization to tap and nurture new ideas. The organization has to establish a platform that will give room for new ideas that can help to propel the organization to the new level. TRIZ is the best tool that can be adopted by SingTel to be able to develop and nurture new ideas that can propel the organization. References Adams Richards , Phelps Roberts, Bessant John. 2006 May. Innovation management measurement: A review, International Journal of Management Reviews. Cormican, K. and OSullivan, D. ,2004. Auditing best practice for effective product innovation management. Technovation, 24, 819829. Davenport, T. H., Prusak, L. 2003.Whats the big idea? Creating and capitalizing on the best management thinking. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Dodgson, M. and Hinze, S., 2000. Indicators used to measure the innovation process: defects and possible remedies. Research Evaluation, 8, 101114. Frenkel, A., Maital, S. and Grupp, H., 2000. Measuring dynamic technical change: a techno metric approach. International Journal of Technology Management, 20, 429441. Hargadon, A. 2003.How breakthroughs happen: The surprising truth about how companies innovate. Boston: Harvard Business School Pres. Hipp, C. and Grupp, H., 2005. Innovation in the service sector: the demand for service specific innovation measurement concepts and typologies. Research Policy, 34, 517535. Hope Hailey, V.,2001. Breaking the mould? Innovation as a strategy for corporate renewal. International Journal of Human Resource Management,12, 11261140. Hull, R., Coombs, R. and Peltu, M., 2000. Know-ledge management practices for innovation: an audit tool for improvement. International Journal of Technology Management, 20, 633656. Julian Birkinshaw Michael Mol, 2008. Management innovation, Academy of Management Review, 2008, Vol. 33, No. 4, 825845. Kim, J. and Wilemon, D., 2002. Strategic issues in managing innovations fuzzy front-end. European Journal of Innovation Management, 5, 2739. Moehrle, M. G., 2004. TRIZ-based technology- road mapping. Int. J. Technology Intelligence and Planning, 1(1), 87-99. Mamman, A. 2002. The adoption and modification of management ideas in organizations: Towards an analytical framework. Strategic Change, 11: 379389. Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., Probert, D. R., 2007. Strategic Road mapping: A Workshop-based Approach for Identifying and Exploring Strategic Issues and Opportunities. Engineering Management Journal, 19(1), 3-12. Souchkov V., Hoeboer R. van Zutphen M., February 2007. Application of RCA+ to Solve Business Problems, The Online TRIZ Journal. Stock, G.N., Greis, N.P. and Fischer, W.A., 2001. Absorptive capacity and new product development. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 12, 7791.